Active Components

In a circuit, active components are those that can supply energy and amplify signals. These components are usually operated by an external power source and can control the flow of current and voltage. Common active components include:

1.Operational Amplifiers
An operational amplifier is a high - gain differential amplifier, widely used in signal processing, amplification, filtering, and mathematical operations.
2.Transistors
Transistors are semiconductor devices that can be used to amplify or switch current. There are two main types of transistors:
1.Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs): Composed of PNP and NPN types, mainly used for amplification and switching.
2.Field - Effect Transistors (FETs): Such as MOSFETs and JFETs, widely used in analog and digital circuits.
3.Integrated Circuits
Integrated circuits integrate a variety of electronic components (such as resistors, capacitors, transistors, etc.) together to form a small - scale circuit. Integrated circuits have a wide range of applications, including signal processing, amplification, and conversion.
4.Transformers
Transformers transfer electrical power from one circuit to another through the principle of electromagnetic induction and are often used to increase or decrease voltage.
5.Photoelectric Components
1.Photoresistors and Photodiodes: These components can sense light signals and convert them into electrical signals, used in sensors and optoelectronic applications.
6.Relays and Thyristors
Although relays and thyristors are not as sophisticated as the aforementioned components, they still belong to active components because they can switch circuits and control larger - power loads by controlling the current.
7.Amplifiers and Audio Amplifiers
Active components used to increase the intensity of audio signals, widely used in audio equipment and musical instruments.
8.Electronic Switches
Such as MOSFETs and IGBTs, widely used in power control and switching power supplies and other applications.
9.Feedback Circuits
Although feedback itself is not a component, circuit designs that use the feedback mechanism (such as feedback amplifiers) are also manifestations of the application of active components.

Active components play an important role in electronic circuits. They can achieve functions such as amplification, conversion, and control according to input signals.

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